Iowa Caucus. Slow Internet?

“As the Iowa Democratic Party has confirmed, the underlying data and collection process via Shadow’s mobile caucus app was sound and accurate, but our process to transmit that caucus results data generated via the app to the IDP was not”— Shadow, an independent, for-profit technology company that contracted with the Iowa Democratic Party to build a caucus reporting mobile app.

(This article, first published January 30, 2018, explored the dangers of President Donald Trumps policy on net neutrality.)

Fantastical renditions — as improbable or historically false as they might be — serve our thinking in the creation of consciousness.



Tongue in cheek?  Yea, sort of.  But what is the purpose of Ajit Pai's mug?

Commercial plug aside (please note the ad for Reese’s peanut butter cups), philosophers of language and theology would explain that the multiple implications expressed in or by symbols (either visibly or verbally), reflect a natural presence of contrasts. These contrasts in human interactions create new understanding, meaning, and direction in life.

We are conscious only of the transfer of meaning from the first term to the second ... which means it can be exploited ... by uncaring individuals.”

Multiple meanings can hide intent, Paul Ricoeur said in “The Rule of Metaphor,” and that readers (or viewers) of these new renditions are often unaware of the “multivalent” meanings in the metaphors and symbols used by others:

“He is conscious only of the transfer of meaning from the first term to the second,” Ricoeur said, “and while we are often aware of the new dynamic, we are not at all aware of the process, which posited here, means it can be exploited when crafted by unscrupulous, naïve or uncaring individuals.”

Charles Winquist, who has also written extensively on this topic as well, said that the symbol announces a meaning “other than the self.” It creates the possibility for an expansion of self through the process of thinking, which he called a “critique.”  He too believed symbols have the power to change us through renewed meaning and understanding.

Unfortunately, critiques do not come easily to many. Take, for example, two students at Iowa State University, a wannabe sociologist, and an engineering student, both who came dangerously close to flunking out of freshman English.

The sociologist got hopelessly lost in Altick’s “Preface to Critical Reading,” as did the engineer, who studied math, not words. The two were friends and had the grades to be accepted into the university, but learning how others manipulate language, Altick’s main argument, caused confusion. Do not people say what the mean? And why can't language be more mathematical?

Laura Marlane, Director of the Omaha Public Library — a couple hours west of Iowa State University — in a column for the Omaha World-Herald, reported on what she’d seen prior to the passage of the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) vote in favor of net neutrality June 12, 2015, which was repealed by the FCC December 14, 2017 (again along party lines).

Marlane cited in her column, January 7, 2018, that a top cellphone service provider had blocked the Google Wallet app because they were developing their own wallet app.  Thus, you could not use your Google Wallet app on their phone.

In another example, MetroPCS offered its first 4G enabled phone with an unlimited plan.  Unfortunately, if customers wanted to watch something other than YouTube videos, they could not, unless they upgraded to a more expensive plan.

Marlane did not mention anything about a contract for this service, whenever it was that people were signing up for such limited service, but customers should start reading the fine print, and especially these days, before signing on the dotted line.

“... librarians will continue to fight for net neutrality to ensure that additional barriers to information and opportunities do not emerge.”

According to CNET, from the Internet's earliest days, US policy makers have been grappling with the question of if or how much the federal government should be involved in regulating the information superhighway.

But Vinton G. Cerf, widely considered the Father of the Internet, had no doubts at all.  His work dates to 1969, when he was a graduate student in computer science at the University of California at Los Angeles.  He was one of several young programmers and hardware engineers involved in the installation of the first “node” of the original, four-node ARPAnet, the precursor to the Internet, according to Katie Hafner in a 1994 profile in The New York Times.

“Dr. Cerf's principal contribution, however, has been his work on TCP/IP,” Hafner said, “the common language spoken by computers throughout the Internet, a language Dr. Cerf developed with Dr. Kahn.”

On February 15, 2006, Network World published “Net Neutrality: The Debate Gets Nasty,” which quotes Cerf saying that “telephone companies cannot tell people who they can call; network operators should not dictate what people can do online.”  He worked for Google then and drafted a letter for a congressional hearing on net neutrality, detailing his position.

“Enshrining a rule that broadly permits network operators to discriminate in favor of certain kinds of services and to potentially interfere with others would place broadband operators in control of online activity,” Cerf wrote on behalf of Google, who called him their ‘net neutrality guru’. “Allowing broadband providers to segment their IP offerings and reserve huge amounts of bandwidth for their own services will not give consumers the broadband Internet our country and economy need.

“Many people will have little or no choice among broadband operators for the foreseeable future, implying that such operators will have the power to exercise a great deal of control over any applications placed on the network.”

Interestingly, broadband providers and ISPs often argue that businesses such as Google benefit unfairly at the expense of facilities providers. Charles E. Grassley, United States Senator from Iowa said he is concerned that the net neutrality rules have done nothing to provide Internet entrepreneurs with legal or marketplace certainty.

“I hope that stakeholders and policymakers can come together to craft a new legal framework that recognizes the dynamic nature of the Internet.”

“As we have seen before,” Grassley said in a letter to net neutrality supporters, “the Open Internet Order ultimately result in numerous lawsuits and protracted, multi-year litigation.  Existing laws and regulations are ill-suited for the rapidly-evolving, innovative Internet ecosystem.  I hope that stakeholders and policymakers can come together to craft a new legal framework that recognizes the dynamic nature of the Internet.”

So do we all, Senator Grassley, so do we all.  But most on the net-neutrality side of the issue, unfortunately, are not overly optimistic, and waiting for a Democrat to inhabit the Oval Office will only mean others will be waiting for a Republican to inhabit the Oval Office.  Maybe you guys and gals could talk to somebody over at the Library of Congress.  You know, a librarian.  Or, perhaps Senator Sasse can call Laura Marlane in Omaha to come out and do a training seminar.

“... librarians will continue to fight for net neutrality,” Marlane said, “to ensure that additional barriers to information and opportunities do not emerge.”

No doubt she will bring along a copy of  Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet: A Rule by the FCC on 04/13/2015?  Please reread it, and share it with your colleagues.  A lot of us are angry, and just plain scared out here.